![]() ![]() Also, it has never been systematically investigated howdifferent factors affect FeS precipitation and deposition, but it is rather valuable for FeS control in the oil and gas production. This study contributes valuable data of FeS precipitation kinetics and deposition, which is rarely reported but essential for FeS prediction. 2 mol/L) promotes H 2S corrosion and FeS scale retention, but the FeS dispersant can effectively inhibit FeS scale retention. We found that high temperature and moderately high IS (e.g. H 2S corrosion of mild steel C1018 coupon and FeS scale retention on the coupon were also investigated. FeS deposition can be significantly inhibited by low temperature, extra high IS (≥ 4 mol/L), and a FeS dispersant. ratio surprisingly does not affect FeS precipitation kinetics. FeS precipitation kinetics can be strongly accelerated by temperature or IS increase. A strongly attached FeS layer can form on both mild steel C1018 and corrosion resistant hastelloy C-276 alloy. At temperature range of 23 - 100 ☌, freshly precipitated FeS was found to be mackinawite or amorphous FeS. It was observed that FeS precipitation is pseudo 1 st order when Fe(II) to S(-II) concentration ratio is below 1:5, although the precipitation rate is extremely fast. We studied the impact of temperature, ionic strength, Fe(II) to S(-II) concentration ratio, steel type, and FeS dispersant on FeS precipitation kinetics and deposition. Argon gas is used to remove oxygen in the solution and apparatus, and acetic acid and sodium acetate are used for pH control. In this study, we developed a strictly anoxic plug flow reactor to study FeS precipitation kinetics. To tackle FeS problems, it is essential to understand how FeS precipitates and deposits under various operation conditions. FeS accumulation on tubular can reduce oil production efficiency and may cause further corrosion to tubulars. FeS is oil wet and can cause emulsions, leading to operational problems and impairing oil quality. Iron sulfide scale is a serious concern to flow assurance in the oil and gas production, which is especially true for oil wells with high concentration H 2S. ![]()
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